Horeynta: Cilmibaadhis Cusub: Maddawga Madoow oo Loo Malaynayo Inuu Yahay Sababta Iftiinka Gamma ee Xarunta Caalamka
Yeruusaalem, 21 Oktoobar, 2025 (TPS-IL) — Maddawga madoow (dark matter) ayaa mar kale noqon kara furaha lagu macneynayo mid ka mid ah sirta ugu dheer ee cilmiga xiddigiska: iftiinka yaabka leh ee fallaadhaha gamma ee xarunta Caalamka. Cilmibaadhis cusub oo caalami ah oo ay hoggaaminayaan khubaro Israa’iili, Ingiriis ah, iyo Jarmal ah ayaa dib u soo nooleysay aragtida ah in maddawga madoow uu sababi karo shucaaca tamarta sare leh ee la ogaaday in ka badan toban sano ka hor.
Maddawga madoow waa nooc qarsoodi ah, oo aan la arki karin oo ka mid ah walxaha, kaas oo khubarrada ay aaminsan yihiin inuu ka dhigayo qiyaastii 85% dhammaan walxaha ku jira caalamka. Si ka duwan walaxda caadiga ah — waxyaabaha ka kooban xiddigaha, meerayaasha, iyo dadka — maddawga madoow ma soo saaro, ma nuugo, mana soo celiyo iftiinka, taas oo ah sababta aan si toos ah loogu arki karin indho-indheeyayaasha.
Sanado badan, khubarrada ayaa la yaabanayd waxa loogu yeero “Galactic Center Excess,” oo ah urur aan la filaynin oo fallaadhaha gamma ah oo ka imanaya xarunta Caalamka. Qaar ka mid ah khubarrada ayaa aaminsan in isku dhaca ama burburka u dhexeeya qaybaha maddawga madoow ay sababi karaan fallaadhaha gamma, taas oo laga yaabo inay sharaxdo iftiinka yaabka leh ee xarunta Caalamka. Laakiin falanqayntii dambe ayaa soo jeedisay in qaabka fallaadhaha aanu la soconayn sidii la filayay ee xubaha madawga madoow ee siman, oo wareegsan. Cilmi-baadhayaal badan ayaa u jeedsaday il kale oo caadi ah: koox qarsoon oo ka kooban xiddigo neutron ah oo duug ah, oo si degdeg ah u wareegaya oo loo yaqaan millisecond pulsars.
Cilmi-baadhayaal ka socda Jaamacadda Cibraaniga ee Yeruusaalem, Machadka Leibniz ee Cilmi-baarista Xiddigiska Potsdam (AIP), iyo Jaamacadda Oxford ayaa helay in isku-dhacyada iyo isku-dhacyadii hore ee caalamka ay beddeli karaan maddawga madoow ee ku jira, iyagoo bixinaya waddo cusub oo lagu sharraxo calaamadda fallaadhaha gamma ee mudada dheer la muransanayay.
Cilmi-baadhistii, oo lagu daabacay majaladda la qiimeeyay ee Physical Review Letters, ayaa isticmaalayay cilmi-baarisyada cosmo-logiga ee horumarsan si loo qaabeeyo sida taariikhda hore ee nolosha adag ee Caalamka ay u qaabaysay qaybinta maddawga madoow ee xarunteeda. Kooxda waxaa hoggaaminayay Dr. Moorits Muru, oo ay weheliyaan Dr. Noam Libeskind iyo Dr. Stefan Gottlöber oo ka socda AIP, Professor Yehuda Hoffman oo ka socda Machadka Racah ee Jaamacadda Cibraaniga, iyo Professor Joseph Silk oo ka socda Jaamacadda Oxford.
Soo-saarista ayaa muujinaysa in maddawga madoow aanu u qaybsami karin sidii hore loo malaynayay. Iyadoo la isticmaalayo xulafada cilmi-baarisyada faahfaahsan ee loo yaqaan Hestia, kuwaas oo dib u abuura galaxies-ka xaalado la mid ah kuwa ku xeeran caalamkayaga, cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay raaceen samaysanka Caalamka iyada oo loo marayo isku-dhacyadii hore iyo kobocii xoogganaa. Kuwaas, ayay heleen, waxay fidin karaan oo ay qalloocin karaan maddawga madoow ee xarunta caalamka si ay u noqoto qaab ka sii adag, oo aan ahayn mid wareegsan — mid si dhow ula jaanqaada qaabka fallaadhaha gamma ee ay ogaatay NASA’s Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope.
“Taariikhda isku-dhacyada iyo koboca Caalamka waxay ka tagtaa calaamado cad oo ku saabsan sida maddawga madoow u abaabulan yahay xarunteeda,” ayay yiraahdeen cilmi-baadhayaashu. “Marka aan taas xisaabta ku darno, calaamadda fallaadhaha gamma waxay u muuqataa wax badan oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha uu maddawga madoow sharxi karo.”
Fahamkaas wuxuu ka dhigan yahay isbeddel weyn. Halkii laga daaweyn lahaa maddawga madoow sida mid aan dhaqaaqayn oo si siman u qaybsan, cilmi-baadhistu waxay ku xidhan tahay taariikhda firfircoon ee caalamka oo leh dhacdo hadda jirta oo la arki karo — taasoo soo jeedinaysa in iftiinka dhexe uu dhab ahaantii ilaalin karo tilmaamo ku saabsan sida Caalamka loo dhisay.
Soo-saarista ma xallinayso muranka, laakiin waxay dib ugu soo celinaysaa maddawga madoow sidii musharax culus oo lagu sharraxayo shucaaca yaabka leh. Indho-indheeyayaasha soo socda sida Cherenkov Telescope Array, oo baari doonta fallaadhaha gamma ee ka sarreeya tamarta sare, ayaa la filayaa inay si go’aan leh u tijaabiyaan aragtida.
“Cilmi-baadhistani waxay na siisay waddo cusub oo aan ku tarjumi karno mid ka mid ah calaamadaha ugu xiisaha badan ee cirka,” ayay yiraahdeen qorayaashu. “Ama waxaan xaqiijin doonaa in maddawga madoow uu ka tago raad la arki karo—ama waxaan baran doonaa wax cusub oo ku saabsan Caalamka laftiisa.
