Madaxda Israa'iil iyo Maraykanka oo Helay Xog Cusub oo ku Saabsan Habdhaqanka Maskaxda
Yeruusaalem, 17 Maarso, 2026 (TPS-IL) — Mararka qaarkood caadooyinka iyo rabitaanku way adag tahay in la iska joojiyo — laakiin cilmi-baaris cusub ayaa muujineysa in maskaxdu ay is-dhaafin karto. Koox ka kooban saynisyahanno Israa'iili iyo Maraykan ah ayaa ogaaday in unugyo gaar ah oo "hage" ah ay serotonin, oo ah kiimiko muhiim u ah niyadda, ay kicin karaan, taasoo caawineysa in la fahmo sababta ay u adag tahay in la joojiyo rabitaanka xooggan, habdhaqannada soo noqnoqonaya, ama isbeddellada degdegga ah ee niyadda ee xaaladaha sida Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) iyo niyad-jabka.
Daraasadda, oo ay hoggaaminayeen Prof. Joshua Goldberg oo ka socda Jaamacadda Cibraaniga iyo Prof. Joshua Plotkin oo ka socda Jaamacadda Stony Brook ee New York, ayaa diiradda saartay koox yar oo unugyo maskaxeed oo ku yaal gobolka 'striatum' oo loo yaqaan 'cholinergic interneurons'. Unugyadan waxaa horey looga ogaa awooddooda ku aaddan kicinta dopamine, oo ah kiimiko calaamadeysa abaalmarinta iyo dhiirigelinta. Marka dopamine la sii daayo, waxay caawisaa maskaxda inay garato waxa falalka ay yihiin kuwo muhiim ah ama abaalmarin leh, iyadoo hagaajineysa barashada iyo habdhaqanka.
Cilmi-baaris cusub ayaa ogaatay in unugyadan hagaha ah ay sidoo kale si toos ah u kicin karaan serotonin, oo ah kiimiko si dhow ugu xiran niyadda, walaaca, iyo habdhaqannada rabitaanka xooggan. Iyagoo isticmaalaya qalabka casriga ah ee 'optogenetic', oo u oggolaanaya unugyada neerfaha in la shido oo la damiyo iyadoo la adeegsanayo iftiin, saynisyahannadu waxay arkeen in kiciinta unugyadan hagaha ah ay sababtay in fiilooyinka serotonin ee u dhow ay si dhakhso ah u sii daayaan calaamadahooda.
Xaaladaha maskaxda oo la mid ah Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), cilmi-baarayaashu waxay ogaadeen in unugyadan 'cholinergic' ay si xad-dhaaf ah u shaqeynayaan, taasoo keenta sii-deyn badan oo serotonin ah. "Xaaladaha sida OCD, halkaasoo calaamadeynta 'cholinergic' ay noqon karto mid aan caadi ahayn, isuduwiddaan caawimaadda leh waxay noqon kartaa mid xad-dhaaf ah, taasoo caawineysa in la fahmo sababta ay u adag tahay in la joojiyo habdhaqanno gaar ah," ayuu yiri Goldberg iyo Plotkin.
Daraasadda ayaa caqabad ku ah fikradda ah in cudurrada maskaxda ay ka dhashaan kaliya helitaanka kiimiko mid ka mid ah oo aad u badan ama aad u yar. Taa baddalkeeda, waxay soo jeedineysaa in nidaamka isuduwidda gudaha ee maskaxdu uu kicin karo calaamadaha, taasoo abuureysa saameyn isdaba-joog ah oo carqaladeysa habdhaqanka caadiga ah. Isbeddellada ku dhaca calaamadeynta acetylcholine, ayay xuseen cilmi-baarayaashu, waxay keeni kartaa isbeddello isku mid ah oo ku dhaca labadaba dopamine iyo serotonin, taasoo u horseedi karta isbeddellada kiimikada ee lagu arko xaalado kala duwan oo neerfaha iyo maskaxda ah.
Helitaankan ayaa horseedi kara daawayn ka saxsan oo loo helo cudurrada maskaxda. Iyadoo la beegsanayo nidaamka acetylcholine — kicinta kiimikada ee kicinaysa sii-deynta serotonin — cilmi-baarayaashu waxay horumarin karaan dawooyin hagaajin kara calaamadeynta maskaxda si ka saxsan dawooyinka hadda jira, kuwaas oo diiradda saara kaliya serotonin ama dopamine.
Fahamka sida unugyadan hagaha ah ay u shaqeeyaan bukaannada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay caawin kartaa dhakhaatiirta inay saadaaliyaan cidda si fiican uga jawaabi doonta daawaynta gaarka ah, taasoo furaysa albaabka qorshayaasha daawaynta ee gaarka loo leeyahay. Helitaanka ayaa xitaa laga yaabaa inay caawiso dadaallada habdhaqanka, iyadoo u oggolaanaysa dhakhaatiirta maskaxda inay waqtiyeeyaan jimicsiyada ama istaraatiijiyadaha la tacaalidda si ay ugu beegmaan xilliyada ay unugyadan maskaxeed yihiin kuwa ugu firfircoon.
Adduunka oo dhan, tobannaan milyan oo qof ayaa la nool xaalado la xiriira serotonin sida obsessive-compulsive disorder iyo niyad-jabka, sida ay sheegtay Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO) iyo daraasadaha caafimaadka maskaxda.
"Helitaankan wuxuu furaa aragtiyo cusub oo ku saabsan sida wareegyada maskaxdu u wada shaqeeyaan si ay u saameeyaan habdhaqanka iyo niyadda," ayuu yiri Goldberg. "Waxay mustaqbalka u horseedi kartaa hababka daawaynta ee la beegsanayo, ka baxsan kaliya isku dayga in la hagaajiyo heerarka serotonin."
Daraasadda waxaa lagu daabacay majaladda la qiimeeyay ee Nature Communications.
